Ethics, policy, and legislation

Matthias Eggel, Samuel Camenzind, Paulin Jirkof. Reasons to Reduce Surplus Animals in Research (in Switzerland) – Or Why the Killing and Death of Animals and Potentially Standard Husbandry Conditions Should be Classified as Harms. LEOH - Journal of Animal Law, Ethics and One Health. 2026:1-15. doi:10.58590/leoh.2026.001

Donald E. Ingber. Challenges and opportunities for human Organ Chips in FDA assessments and pharma pipelines,. Cell Stem Cell. 2026. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2025.12.022

Emmanuel Enoch Dzakah, Chao Ni, Xiaomin Feng, et al. Modernizing drug development and ensuring global equity in the organoid revolution. Communications Biology. 2026;9(1):540. doi:10.1038/s42003-026-10076-4

Julia Matyjasiak, Alexandra-Costina Avîrvarei, Marie Corradi, et al. Mapping 3Rs and NAM research and innovation projects funded through European framework programmes since 2007. Archives of Toxicology. 2026. doi:10.1007/s00204-026-04383-2

Thomas Hartung. The turning point: April 2025 marks historic shift in US animal testing policy. ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation. 2025. doi:10.14573/altex.2504301

U.S. National Institutes of Health. NIH to prioritize human-based research technologies. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-prioritize-human-based-research-technologies. Published 2025.

Laurence Walder, Giorgia Pallocca, Luísa F. Bastos, et al. EU roadmap for phasing out animal testing for chemical safety assessments: Recommendations from a multi-stakeholder roundtable. ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation. 2025. doi:10.14573/altex.2503241

Jennifer Bell, Vanessa Zaiatz Bittencourt. Dealing with animal death and writing about it: Cultivating resilience in biotechnology writing. Medical Writing. 2025;34(1):70-73. https://journal.emwa.org/rare-diseases/biotechnology/.

Ricardo Scheufen Tieghi, Tracy Beth Høeg, Martin A. Makary, Nicole Kleinstreuer. The Promise of Animal Testing Alternatives at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and National Institutes of Health. NEJM AI. 2025;3(1):AIpc2500587. doi:10.1056/AIpc2500587

Fred Schwaller. A mental-health crisis plagues PhDs — these evidence-led initiatives offer help. Nature. 2025. doi:10.1038/d41586-025-01083-2