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Improving the peer-review process for grant applications: Reliability, validity, bias, and generalizability
ReferenceHerbert W. Marsh , Upali W. Jayasinghe , Nigel W. Bond American Psychologist. 2008;63(3):160-168. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.3.160 Peer review is a gatekeeper, the final arbiter of what is valued in academia, but it has been criticized in relation to …
Gender and other potential biases in peer review: cross-sectional analysis of 38 250 external peer review reports
ReferenceAnna Severin , Joao Martins , Rachel Heyard , François Delavy , Anne Jorstad , Matthias Egger BMJ Open. 2020;10(8):e035058. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035058 Objectives To examine whether the gender of applicants and peer reviewers and other factors …
Commensuration Bias in Peer Review
ReferenceCarole Lee Philosophy of Science. 2022;82(5):1272-1283. doi: 10.1086/683652 To arrive at their final evaluation of a manuscript or grant proposal, reviewers must convert a submission’s strengths and weaknesses for heterogeneous peer review criteria into a …
The troubles with peer review for allocating research funding: Funders need to experiment with versions of peer review and decision‐making
ReferenceSandra Bendiscioli EMBO reports. 2019;20:e49472. doi: 10.15252/embr.201949472 Peer review to allocate funding for researchers and projects has faced difficulties lately and come under criticism. Various alternatives and improvements are being tested to …
A 10 Year Analysis of Gender Distribution in National Institutes of Health Funding for Non-Malignant Hematology
ReferenceSara Khan , Faraz Eshaghi , Aruba Sohail , Kainat Khan , Taha Huda , Evan Lindbergh , Kapisthalam S. Kumar Blood. 2023;142(S1):5113. doi: 10.1182/blood-2023-180317 Introduction: Historically, there has been an underrepresentation of women in the field of …
Complex activity and short-term plasticity of human cerebral organoids reciprocally connected with axons
ReferenceTatsuya Osaki , Tomoya Duenki , Siu Yu A. Chow , Yasuhiro Ikegami , Romain Beaubois , Timothée Levi , Nao Nakagawa-Tamagawa , Yoji Hirano , Yoshiho Ikeuchi Nature Communications. 2024;15(1):2945. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46787-7 An inter-regional cortical …
Bounded research ethicality: researchers rate themselves and their field as better than others at following good research practice
ReferenceAmanda M. Lindkvist , Lina Koppel , Gustav Tinghög Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1):3050. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53450-0 Bounded ethicality refers to people’s limited capacity to consistently behave in line with their ethical standards. Here, we present …
Publishing negative results is good for science
ReferenceElisabeth M. Bik Access Microbiology. 2024;6(4):000792. doi: 10.1099/acmi.0.000792 Scientists face challenges in publishing negative results, because most scientific journals are biassed in accepting positive and novel findings. Despite their importance, …
Does Publication Bias Inflate the Apparent Efficacy of Psychological Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of US National Institutes of Health-Funded Trials
ReferenceEllen Driessen , Steven D. Hollon , Claudi L. H. Bockting , Pim Cuijpers , Erick H. Turner PLOS ONE. ;10(9):e0137864. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137864 Background The efficacy of antidepressant medication has been shown empirically to be overestimated due …
Selective Publication of Antidepressant Trials and Its Influence on Apparent Efficacy
ReferenceErick H. Turner , Annette M. Matthews , Eftihia Linardatos , Robert A. Tell , Robert Rosenthal New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;358(3):252-260. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa065779 This study compares the published data on a dozen antidepressant drugs with …