Advanced Microscopy Techniques for Imaging New Alternative Methods

Organoids, air-liquid-interface cultures, and microfluidic culture systems are only a few examples of new alternative methods (or new approach methods; NAMs) that have become an increasingly important tool for biopharmaceutical research. Both as a tool for studying disease mechanisms and as a platform for testing novel therapeutics NAMs represent a paradigm shift in translational in-vitro models and offer improved reproducibility and human translatability relative to animal models and simpler cell-based systems. The increasing adoption of NAMs also aligns with FDA Modernization Act 3.0 and increased implementation of the 3Rs principle (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) in animal research.