Ethics, policy, and legislation

U.S. National Institutes of Health. NIH to prioritize human-based research technologies. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-prioritize-human-based-research-technologies. Published 2025.

Thomas Hartung. The turning point: April 2025 marks historic shift in US animal testing policy. ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation. 2025. doi:10.14573/altex.2504301

Laurence Walder, Giorgia Pallocca, Luísa F. Bastos, et al. EU roadmap for phasing out animal testing for chemical safety assessments: Recommendations from a multi-stakeholder roundtable. ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation. 2025. doi:10.14573/altex.2503241

Fred Schwaller. A mental-health crisis plagues PhDs — these evidence-led initiatives offer help. Nature. 2025. doi:10.1038/d41586-025-01083-2

Yadvinder Bhuller, Marc Avey, Raywat Deonandan, et al. Ethical principles for regulatory risk decision-making. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2025:105813. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2025.105813

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Research Facility Annual Usage Summary Report. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalwelfare/sa_obtain_research_facility_annual_report/ct_research_facility_annual_summary_reports. Published 2024.

Monica M Bertagnolli. Statement on catalyzing the development of novel alternative methods. https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-director/statements/statement-catalyzing-development-novel-alternatives-methods. Published 2024.

Amanda M. Lindkvist, Lina Koppel, Gustav Tinghög. Bounded research ethicality: researchers rate themselves and their field as better than others at following good research practice. Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1):3050. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-53450-0

Michael Balls, Jarrod Bailey. Ethics and Controversies in Animal Subjects Research and Impact on Clinical Decision-Making. Anesthesiology Clinics. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2024.03.003

U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Animal Rule Information. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-regulatory-science/animal-rule-information. Published 2024.