Ethics, policy, and legislation

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Guidance Document:Exploratory IND Studies. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/exploratory-ind-studies.

NIH Advisory Committee to the Director. ACD Working Group on Enhancing Rigor, Transparency, and Translatability in Animal Research. https://www.acd.od.nih.gov/working-groups/eprar.html.

FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Innovative Science and Technology Approaches for New Drugs (ISTAND) Pilot Program. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-development-tool-ddt-qualification-programs/innovative-science-and-technology-approaches-new-drugs-istand-pilot-program.

Aoife Milford, Eva De Clercq, Edwin Louis-Maerten, Lester D. Geneviève, Bernice S. Elger. How animal ethics committees make decisions – a scoping review of empirical studies. PLOS ONE. 20(3):e0318570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318570

Juliet P. Dukes, Amy Beale, Celean Camp. Reviewing Current Guidance for the ‘R’ of Replacement and Rethinking it with the ‘Replacement Checklist’. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. doi:10.1177/02611929251319265

Stephen Dinan. EPA chief Lee Zeldin eyes ban on animal testing - Washington Times. The Washington Times. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2025/apr/10/epa-chief-lee-zeldin-eyes-ban-animal-testing/.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Roadmap to Reducing Animal Testing in Preclinical Safety Studies. https://www.fda.gov/media/186092/download?attachment.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Announces Plan to Phase Out Animal Testing Requirement for Monoclonal Antibodies and Other Drugs. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-announces-plan-phase-out-animal-testing-requirement-monoclonal-antibodies-and-other-drugs.

National Institutes of Health Office of Research Infrastructure Programs. Nonhuman Primate Evaluation and Analysis: Final Report. https://orip.nih.gov/sites/default/files/NHP-Evaluation-and-Analysis-Final-Report-Revised-508.pdf.

Sandy River Research. Unveiling the Dark Side of the Monkey (Macaque) Trade. https://sandyriverresearch.com/unveiling-the-dark-side-of-the-monkey-macaque-trade/.