Translation and validation

Valerie C. Henderson, Jonathan Kimmelman, Dean Fergusson, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Dan G. Hackam. Threats to validity in the design and conduct of preclinical efficacy studies: a systematic review of guidelines for in vivo animal experiments. PLoS Medicine. 2013;10(7):e1001489. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001489

Marlous Kooijman. Why Animal Studies are Still Being Used in Drug Development. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 2013;41(6):79-81. doi:10.1177/026119291304100627

John Pippin. Animal Research in Medical Sciences: Seeking a Convergence of Science, Medicine, and Animal Law. South Texas Law Review. 2012;54:469. https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/acwp_all/14.

Myfanwy Morgan, Christine A. Barry, Jenny L. Donovan, Jane Sandall, Charles D. A. Wolfe, Annette Boaz. Implementing ‘translational’ biomedical research: Convergence and divergence among clinical and basic scientists. Social Science & Medicine. 2011;73(7):945-952. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.060

Matthew M. Davis, Amy T. Butchart, John R. C. Wheeler, Margaret S. Coleman, Dianne C. Singer, Gary L. Freed. Failure-to-success ratios, transition probabilities and phase lengths for prophylactic vaccines versus other pharmaceuticals in the development pipeline. Vaccine. 2011;29(51):9414-9416. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.128

Niall Shanks, Ray Greek, Jean Greek. Are animal models predictive for humans? Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine: PEHM. 2009;4:2. doi:10.1186/1747-5341-4-2

Robert A. J. Matthews. Medical progress depends on animal models - doesn’t it? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2008;101(2):95-98. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2007.070164

Pablo Perel, Ian Roberts, Emily Sena, et al. Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review. BMJ. 2007;334:197. doi:10.1136/bmj.39048.407928.BE

Victoria E. O’Collins, Malcolm R. Macleod, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Laura L. Horky, Bart H. van der Worp, David W. Howells. 1,026 experimental treatments in acute stroke. Annals of Neurology. 2006;59(3):467-477. doi:10.1002/ana.20741

Pandora Pound, Shah Ebrahim, Peter Sandercock, Michael B Bracken, Ian Roberts. Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans? BMJ. 2004;328:514-517. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7438.514