Media and materials

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Elle Koivunotko, Chris S. S. Pridgeon, Lauri Paasonen, Riina Harjumäki. Animal-free matrix alternative for three-dimensional in vitro angiogenesis models. Frontiers in Toxicology. 2026;8. doi:10.3389/ftox.2026.1768268
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Huiyuan Meng, Philip J. R. Day. Exploring ethical, sustainable and effective foetal bovine serum alternatives for in vitro mammalian cell culture. Frontiers in Toxicology. 2026;8. doi:10.3389/ftox.2026.1776815
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Zahra Miri, Johanna Laakkonen, Emilia Toivonen, Niina Väljä, Susanna Miettinen, Hanna Vuorenpää. Establishment of human-relevant in vitro models using animal-free serum replacement and recombinant antibodies. Frontiers in Toxicology. 2026;8. doi:10.3389/ftox.2026.1741716
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Shaianne N. Stein, Lorena R. Braid. An animal component-free bioprocess for synthesizing 3D human matrix scaffolds using mesenchymal stromal cells. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2026;14. doi:10.3389/fcell.2026.1624745
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Julia Vanessa Spänle, Lisa Maria Haiber, Bettina Seeger. Challenges and solutions in transitioning to animal-free standards: a comprehensive analysis of components in human cell-based developmental neurotoxicity assays. Frontiers in Toxicology. 2026;8. doi:10.3389/ftox.2026.1800157
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Esther Veronika Wenzel, Laila Al-Halabi-Frenzel, Seyhan Demiral, et al. The landscape of antibody production systems: recombinant expression for research, diagnostics and therapy. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2026;14. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2026.1765764
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Katherine Groff. Increasing the use of sequence-defined antibodies: Practical solutions for common targets. ALTEX - Alternatives to Animal Experimentation. 2026;43(2):347-352. doi:10.14573/altex.2512091
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Tilo Weber, Atena Malakpour-Permlid, Aline Chary, et al. Fetal bovine serum: how to leave it behind in the pursuit of more reliable science. Frontiers in Toxicology. 2025;7. doi:10.3389/ftox.2025.1612903
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Shamili Immalaraju, Srishti Goyal, Rukmini Jonnalagadda. Towards the standardization of human platelet lysate production and its comparison to fetal bovine serum for human hematopoietic cell culture: a scoping review. Frontiers in Toxicology. 2025;7. doi:10.3389/ftox.2025.1496231
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Esther J. M. Liefting, Jeffrey J. Bajramovic. Optimizing Wnt activation in fetal calf serum (FCS)-free organoid expansion media. Frontiers in Toxicology. 2025;7. doi:10.3389/ftox.2025.1504469
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