Ethics, policy, and legislation

Rachel A. Ankeny, Gail F. Davies, Robert G.W. Kirk, Alexandra L. Whittaker, Jane Johnson. Lessons for the Future of NAMs from History, Philosophy and Social Studies of Science. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 2024;52(5):276-284. doi:10.1177/02611929241267763

Gro H. Mathisen, Angela Bearth, Lowenna B. Jones, et al. Time for CHANGE: system-level interventions for bringing forward the date of effective use of NAMs in regulatory toxicology. Archives of Toxicology. 2024;98(8):2299-2308. doi:10.1007/s00204-024-03802-6

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. New Approach Methods Work Plan. https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/new-approach-methods-work-plan. Published 2023.

U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Advancing Alternative Methods at FDA. https://www.fda.gov/science-research/about-science-research-fda/advancing-alternative-methods-fda. Published 2023.

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Non-animal models: A strategy for maturing Australia’s medical product development capabilities. https://www.csiro.au/en/work-with-us/services/consultancy-strategic-advice-services/csiro-futures/health-and-biosecurity/non-animal-models. Published 2023.

Ekaterina Galkina Cleary, Matthew J. Jackson, Edward W. Zhou, Fred D. Ledley. Comparison of Research Spending on New Drug Approvals by the National Institutes of Health vs the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2010-2019. JAMA Health Forum. 2023;4(4):e230511. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.0511

Jean Knight, Thomas Hartung, Costanza Rovida. 4.2 million and counting… The animal toll for REACH systemic toxicity studies. ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation. 2023;40(3):389-407. doi:10.14573/altex.2303201

Costanza Rovida, Francois Busquet, Marcel Leist, Thomas Hartung. REACH out-numbered! The future of REACH and animal numbers. ALTEX - Alternatives to Animal Experimentation. 2023;40(3):367-388. doi:10.14573/altex.2307121

Hartmut Wewetzer, Tobias Wagenknecht, Bettina Bert, Gilbert Schönfelder. The fate of surplus laboratory animals: Minimizing the production of surplus animals has greatest potential to reduce the number of laboratory animals. EMBO Reports. 2023;24(3):e56551. doi:10.15252/embr.202256551

Mikalah Singer, Paul Locke. Better Science, Fewer Animals: Catalyzing NIH Grant Making to Improve Biomedical Research and Meet Societal Goals. Animal Law Review. 2023;29(1):65-101. https://lawcommons.lclark.edu/alr/vol29/iss1/5.