deep learning

Amit Gangwal, Antonio Lavecchia. Artificial intelligence in preclinical research: enhancing digital twins and organ-on-chip to reduce animal testing. Drug Discovery Today. 2025;30(5):104360. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104360

Thomas Hartung. ToxAIcology - The evolving role of artificial intelligence in advancing toxicology and modernizing regulatory science. ALTEX. 2023;40(4):559-570. doi:10.14573/altex.2309191