Ethics, policy, and legislation

Ekaterina Galkina Cleary, Matthew J. Jackson, Fred D. Ledley. Government as the First Investor in Biopharmaceutical Innovation: Evidence From New Drug Approvals 2010–2019. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series. 2020:1-72. doi:10.36687/inetwp133

Robyn M Engel, Carrie C Silver, Christin L Veeder, Ron E Banks. Cognitive Dissonance in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Implications for Animal Welfare. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS. 2020;59(2):132-138. doi:10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-19-000073

Joint Research Centre. TSAR - Tracking System for Alternative methods towards Regulatory acceptance. https://tsar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/. Published 2019.

Angela N Hvitved. Engaging Ethicists in Animal Research Policymaking. ILAR Journal. 2019;60(3):318-323. doi:10.1093/ilar/ilz023

Katy Taylor, Laura Rego Alvarez. An Estimate of the Number of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes Worldwide in 2015. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 2019;47(5-6):196-213. doi:10.1177/0261192919899853

David DeGrazia, Tom L Beauchamp. Beyond the 3 Rs to a More Comprehensive Framework of Principles for Animal Research Ethics. ILAR Journal. 2019;60(3):308-317. doi:10.1093/ilar/ilz011

Elizabeth J. Baker, Nancy A. Beck, Ellen L. Berg, et al. Advancing nonclinical innovation and safety in pharmaceutical testing. Drug Discovery Today. 2019;24(2):624-628. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.11.011

S. Bressers, H. van den Elzen, C. Gräwe, D. van den Oetelaar, P. H. A. Postma, S. K. Schoustra. Policy driven changes in animal research practices: mapping researchers’ attitudes towards animal-free innovations using the Netherlands as an example. Research Integrity and Peer Review. 2019;4(1):8. doi:10.1186/s41073-019-0067-5

Jarrod Bailey, Shiranee Pereira. Advances in neuroscience imply that harmful experiments in dogs are unethical. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2018;44(1):47-52. doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103630

Ipsos MORI. Public Attitudes to Animal Research in 2018. London; 2018:36. Public attitudes to animal research in 2018.