TY - ECHAP
KW - alternative methods
KW - Biomedical Research
KW - Drug development
KW - Food and Drug Administration
KW - Institutional inertia
KW - National institutes of health
KW - nonanimal methods
KW - Regulatory testing
KW - research policy
KW - Translatability
AU - Catharine E. Krebs
AU - Emily Anderson
AU - Janine McCarthy
AU - Eryn Slankster-Schmierer
AU - Jarrod Bailey
AU - Elizabeth Baker
AU - Catharine E. Krebs
AU - Gail A. Van Norman
AB - The emerging developments in the United States signal a growing shift toward human-focused, nonanimal research and testing. This is true in Congress, in academic research centers, at agencies like the National Institutes of Health, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Food and Drug Administration, as well as in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries. However, systemic barriers remain, characterized by institutional inertia that inhibits change and upholds the status quo of animal use. In this chapter, we characterize this inertia as it relates to the science, policy, and training contexts. We describe various stakeholders and where and how they can apply pressure toward change, providing a comprehensive set of recommendations that will improve translatability and foster a more effective health research enterprise.
BT - Moving Toward Nonanimal Approaches in Medical Research and Testing
DA - 2027-01-01
N2 - The emerging developments in the United States signal a growing shift toward human-focused, nonanimal research and testing. This is true in Congress, in academic research centers, at agencies like the National Institutes of Health, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Food and Drug Administration, as well as in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries. However, systemic barriers remain, characterized by institutional inertia that inhibits change and upholds the status quo of animal use. In this chapter, we characterize this inertia as it relates to the science, policy, and training contexts. We describe various stakeholders and where and how they can apply pressure toward change, providing a comprehensive set of recommendations that will improve translatability and foster a more effective health research enterprise.
PB - Academic Press
PY - 2027
SN - 978-0-443-26514-3
SP - 191
EP - 209
T2 - Moving Toward Nonanimal Approaches in Medical Research and Testing
TI - Chapter 12 - Overcoming inertia against nonanimal research and testing in the United States
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443265143000138
Y2 - 2026-10-05
ER -