TY - JOUR
KW - Biomaterials – cells
KW - Biomedical Engineering
KW - Mechanical engineering
KW - Tissue engineering
AU - Chao-Fan He
AU - Tian-Hong Qiao
AU - Guang-Hao Wang
AU - Yuan Sun
AU - Yong He
AB - Projection-based 3D printing is a vat polymerization printing method that works by generating bitmaps as dynamic masks to project onto a photosensitive material surface for layer-by-layer curing. Projection-based 3D printing has the highest resolution/time for manufacturing ratio among all 3D printing technologies; however, projection-based 3D bioprinting, which uses bioinks as printing materials that contain cells and/or biomolecules, suffers from low printing resolution, with a substantial gap between the theoretical and the actual resolution. In this Review, we summarize the steps and challenges to achieve high-resolution projection-based 3D bioprinting and provide pragmatic optimization strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
BT - Nature Reviews Bioengineering
DA - 2025-02
DO - 10.1038/s44222-024-00218-w
IS - 2
LA - en
N2 - Projection-based 3D printing is a vat polymerization printing method that works by generating bitmaps as dynamic masks to project onto a photosensitive material surface for layer-by-layer curing. Projection-based 3D printing has the highest resolution/time for manufacturing ratio among all 3D printing technologies; however, projection-based 3D bioprinting, which uses bioinks as printing materials that contain cells and/or biomolecules, suffers from low printing resolution, with a substantial gap between the theoretical and the actual resolution. In this Review, we summarize the steps and challenges to achieve high-resolution projection-based 3D bioprinting and provide pragmatic optimization strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
PY - 2025
SP - 143
EP - 158
T2 - Nature Reviews Bioengineering
TI - High-resolution projection-based 3D bioprinting
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s44222-024-00218-w
VL - 3
Y2 - 2026-08-12
SN - 2731-6092
ER -