TY - JOUR KW - Breast cancer KW - Immunotherapy KW - organoid KW - Tumor Microenvironment AU - Dandan Guan AU - Xiaozhen Liu AU - Qingyang Shi AU - Bangjie He AU - Chaopeng Zheng AU - Xuli Meng AB - Immunotherapy is garnering increasing attention as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer (BC); however, the application of precise immunotherapy in BC has not been fully studied. Further studies on BC immunotherapy have a growing demand for preclinical models that reliably recapitulate the composition and function of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of BC. However, the classic two-dimensional in vitro and animal in vivo models inadequately recapitulate the intricate TME of the original tumor. Organoid models which allow the regular culture of primitive human tumor tissue are increasingly reported that they can incorporate immune components. Therefore, organoid platforms can be used to replicate the BC–TME to achieve the immunotherapeutic reaction modeling and facilitate relevant preclinical trial. In this study, we have investigated different organoid culture methods for BC–TME modeling and their applications for precision immunotherapy in BC. BT - World Journal of Surgical Oncology DA - 2023-10-26 DO - 10.1186/s12957-023-03231-2 IS - 1 LA - en N2 - Immunotherapy is garnering increasing attention as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer (BC); however, the application of precise immunotherapy in BC has not been fully studied. Further studies on BC immunotherapy have a growing demand for preclinical models that reliably recapitulate the composition and function of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of BC. However, the classic two-dimensional in vitro and animal in vivo models inadequately recapitulate the intricate TME of the original tumor. Organoid models which allow the regular culture of primitive human tumor tissue are increasingly reported that they can incorporate immune components. Therefore, organoid platforms can be used to replicate the BC–TME to achieve the immunotherapeutic reaction modeling and facilitate relevant preclinical trial. In this study, we have investigated different organoid culture methods for BC–TME modeling and their applications for precision immunotherapy in BC. PY - 2023 EP - 343 T2 - World Journal of Surgical Oncology TI - Breast cancer organoids and their applications for precision cancer immunotherapy UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-023-03231-2 VL - 21 Y2 - 2026-06-03 SN - 1477-7819 ER -