TY - JOUR
AU - Jay R. Kaplan
AB - Interest in the health problems of women as distinct from those of men is not new ( Pinn 2003 ). The Popular Health Movement of the 1830s and -40s (which targeted health advice to women as the caretakers of their families), the creation of women's hospitals after the Civil War (which provided a venue for female physicians and nurses to train and practice), and the birth control and maternal and child health movements of the early 1900s all represent major efforts to increase awareness of health concerns specific to women ( Weisman 1998 ). Even so, research investigating diseases and conditions unique to women and evaluating sex differences in the manifestation of common diseases was slow until the very latter part of the 20th century. As late as 1980, for example, the Food and Drug Administration routinely discouraged the inclusion of women in drug trials ( Kinney et al. 1981 ). This exclusionary atmosphere extended also to large clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH 1 ), including the Physicians Health Study ( Hennekens and Eberlein 1985 ) and the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial ( "MR. FIT” 1982 ), and is documented in numerous publications (e.g., NIH 1999 ; Wizemann and Pardue 2000).
BT - ILAR Journal
DA - 2004-01-01
DO - 10.1093/ilar.45.2.83
IS - 2
N2 - Interest in the health problems of women as distinct from those of men is not new ( Pinn 2003 ). The Popular Health Movement of the 1830s and -40s (which targeted health advice to women as the caretakers of their families), the creation of women's hospitals after the Civil War (which provided a venue for female physicians and nurses to train and practice), and the birth control and maternal and child health movements of the early 1900s all represent major efforts to increase awareness of health concerns specific to women ( Weisman 1998 ). Even so, research investigating diseases and conditions unique to women and evaluating sex differences in the manifestation of common diseases was slow until the very latter part of the 20th century. As late as 1980, for example, the Food and Drug Administration routinely discouraged the inclusion of women in drug trials ( Kinney et al. 1981 ). This exclusionary atmosphere extended also to large clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH 1 ), including the Physicians Health Study ( Hennekens and Eberlein 1985 ) and the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial ( "MR. FIT” 1982 ), and is documented in numerous publications (e.g., NIH 1999 ; Wizemann and Pardue 2000).
PY - 2004
SP - 83
EP - 88
T2 - ILAR Journal
TI - Modeling Women's Health with Nonhuman Primates and Other Animals
UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.45.2.83
VL - 45
Y2 - 2026-06-03
SN - 1930-6180
ER -