TY - JOUR KW - biomaterials KW - Immunology KW - Tissue engineering AU - Joel P. Joseph AU - Sriram Bharath Gugulothu AU - Dipankar Nandi AU - Kaushik Chatterjee AB - 3D bioprinting has evolved as a promising new approach to build physiologically relevant in vitro tissue microenvironments. Recent evidence demonstrates that microenvironmental cues regulate immune cell activation and function, making bioprinted immune niches valuable for basic and translational immunology research. This review outlines key considerations for 3D bioprinting immune niches, particularly bioinks and biofabrication strategies. Drawing from bioprinted tissue constructs, immune niches, and the anatomy of the immune system, we suggest directions to expand the bioprinting toolbox for immune niches. BT - Trends in Biotechnology DA - 2026-05-13 DO - 10.1016/j.tibtech.2026.04.017 N2 - 3D bioprinting has evolved as a promising new approach to build physiologically relevant in vitro tissue microenvironments. Recent evidence demonstrates that microenvironmental cues regulate immune cell activation and function, making bioprinted immune niches valuable for basic and translational immunology research. This review outlines key considerations for 3D bioprinting immune niches, particularly bioinks and biofabrication strategies. Drawing from bioprinted tissue constructs, immune niches, and the anatomy of the immune system, we suggest directions to expand the bioprinting toolbox for immune niches. PY - 2026 ST - Next-generation immune models T2 - Trends in Biotechnology TI - Next-generation immune models: bioinks, 3D bioprinting, and future directions UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779926001526 Y2 - 2026-05-18 SN - 0167-7799 ER -