TY - JOUR
KW - Environmental
KW - microfluidics
KW - health and safety issues
AU - Taeim Lee
AU - Sang Yoon Kyung
AU - Minseo Kwon
AU - Byoungjun Park
AU - Jihoon Ko
AB - Recent innovations in skin microphysiological systems (MPSs) have gained momentum following regulatory advances such as the FDA Modernization Act 2.0 and the global shift toward alternatives to animal testing. This review highlights the development of three major technologies—3D bioprinting, skin organoids, and skin-on-a-chip—and their roles in replicating human skin physiology for research and preclinical applications. We examine how these platforms model complex skin functions, including epidermal barrier formation, vascular and immune interactions, and disease phenotypes such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, melanoma, and viral infections. In addition to summarizing their utility in toxicological screening and therapeutic evaluation, we explore how current OECD test guidelines may guide future validation efforts. Finally, we discuss emerging strategies for integrating automation and machine learning-based image analysis to enable scalable, high-content screening of skin MPS models across diverse applications.
BT - Microsystems & Nanoengineering
DA - 2026-01-28
DO - 10.1038/s41378-025-01149-1
IS - 1
LA - en
N2 - Recent innovations in skin microphysiological systems (MPSs) have gained momentum following regulatory advances such as the FDA Modernization Act 2.0 and the global shift toward alternatives to animal testing. This review highlights the development of three major technologies—3D bioprinting, skin organoids, and skin-on-a-chip—and their roles in replicating human skin physiology for research and preclinical applications. We examine how these platforms model complex skin functions, including epidermal barrier formation, vascular and immune interactions, and disease phenotypes such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, melanoma, and viral infections. In addition to summarizing their utility in toxicological screening and therapeutic evaluation, we explore how current OECD test guidelines may guide future validation efforts. Finally, we discuss emerging strategies for integrating automation and machine learning-based image analysis to enable scalable, high-content screening of skin MPS models across diverse applications.
PY - 2026
EP - 44
T2 - Microsystems & Nanoengineering
TI - Innovations in skin microphysiological systems for nonclinical testing and FDA modernization
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41378-025-01149-1
VL - 12
Y2 - 2026-01-28
SN - 2055-7434
ER -