TY - JOUR KW - artificial intelligence (AI) KW - Bias audit KW - Causal modeling KW - chemical risk assessment KW - Digital Twins KW - Ethical toxicology KW - Explainable AI (xAI) KW - Federated learning KW - human relevance KW - New Approach Methodologies (NAM) KW - regulatory science KW - Responsible AI KW - TREAT principles KW - Toxicology KW - e-Validation AU - Thomas Luechtefeld AU - Thomas Hartung AB - The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into toxicology marks a profound paradigm shift in chemical safety science. No longer limited to automating traditional workflows, AI is redefining how we assess risk, interpret complex biological data, and inform regulatory decision-making. This article explores the convergence of AI and other new approach methodologies (NAMs), emphasizing key trends such as multimodal learning, causal inference, explainable AI (xAI), generative modeling, and federated learning. BT - Current Environmental Health Reports DA - 2025-12-05 DO - 10.1007/s40572-025-00514-6 IS - 1 LA - en N2 - The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into toxicology marks a profound paradigm shift in chemical safety science. No longer limited to automating traditional workflows, AI is redefining how we assess risk, interpret complex biological data, and inform regulatory decision-making. This article explores the convergence of AI and other new approach methodologies (NAMs), emphasizing key trends such as multimodal learning, causal inference, explainable AI (xAI), generative modeling, and federated learning. PY - 2025 EP - 51 ST - Navigating the AI Frontier in Toxicology T2 - Current Environmental Health Reports TI - Navigating the AI Frontier in Toxicology: Trends, Trust, and Transformation UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-025-00514-6 VL - 12 Y2 - 2025-12-05 SN - 2196-5412 ER -