TY - JOUR KW - 3Rs KW - Artificial intelligence KW - High content imaging KW - Imaging-based in vitro methods KW - Regulatory toxicology KW - Validation AU - Monica Piergiovanni AU - Milena Mennecozzi AU - Erio Barale-Thomas AU - Davide Danovi AU - Sebastian Dunst AU - David Egan AU - Aurora Fassi AU - Matthew Hartley AU - Philipp Kainz AU - Katharina Koch AU - Sylvia E. Le Dévédec AU - Iris Mangas AU - Elena Miranda AU - Jo Nyffeler AU - Enrico Pesenti AU - Fernanda Ricci AU - Christopher Schmied AU - Alexander Schreiner AU - Nadine Stokar-Regenscheit AU - Jason R. Swedlow AU - Virginie Uhlmann AU - Fredrik C. Wieland AU - Amy Wilson AU - Maurice Whelan AB - Imaging technologies are being increasingly used in biomedical research and experimental toxicology to gather morphological and functional information from cellular models. There is a concrete opportunity of incorporating imaging-based in vitro methods in international guidelines to respond to regulatory requirements with human relevant data. To translate these methods from R&D to international regulatory acceptance, the community needs to implement test methods under quality management systems, assess inter-laboratory transferability, and demonstrate data reliability and robustness. This article summarises current challenges associated with image acquisition, image analysis, including artificial intelligence, and data management of imaging-based methods, with examples from the developmental neurotoxicity in vitro battery and phenotypic profiling assays. The article includes considerations on specific needs and potential solutions to design and implement future validation and transferability studies. BT - Archives of Toxicology DA - 2025-02-13 DO - 10.1007/s00204-024-03922-z LA - en N2 - Imaging technologies are being increasingly used in biomedical research and experimental toxicology to gather morphological and functional information from cellular models. There is a concrete opportunity of incorporating imaging-based in vitro methods in international guidelines to respond to regulatory requirements with human relevant data. To translate these methods from R&D to international regulatory acceptance, the community needs to implement test methods under quality management systems, assess inter-laboratory transferability, and demonstrate data reliability and robustness. This article summarises current challenges associated with image acquisition, image analysis, including artificial intelligence, and data management of imaging-based methods, with examples from the developmental neurotoxicity in vitro battery and phenotypic profiling assays. The article includes considerations on specific needs and potential solutions to design and implement future validation and transferability studies. PY - 2025 T2 - Archives of Toxicology TI - Bridging imaging-based in vitro methods from biomedical research to regulatory toxicology UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-024-03922-z Y2 - 2025-02-25 SN - 1432-0738 ER -