01750nas a2200253   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002653001800043653002000061653003100081653001500112653002300127100002200150700001900172700002000191700002200211700001900233245011200252856006700364300001100431490000800442520103200450022001401482                                       d10aAI and ethics10abrain organoids10amicrophysiological systems10amultiomics10aorganoid-on-a-chip1 aAishwarya Pantula1 aKaustubh Joshi1 aSwarangi Samant1 aGreta Babakhanova1 aAnnie Kathuria00aTransforming Brain Organoids Into Functional Platforms: Convergence of Engineering, Imaging, AI, and Ethics  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/advs.202523506  ae235060 vn/a3 aBrain organoids are self-organizing 3D aggregates derived from pluripotent stem cells and thus mirror many aspects of human brain development, including gene expression programs, spatial organization, and neuron subtype specification. As a result, these organoids have been used to emulate neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases. Yet, their maturation remains fundamentally constrained by diffusion-limited necrosis, incomplete vascularization, limited visualization, and the absence of large-scale circuit integration, which collectively prevent progression beyond the fetal stage. These intrinsic limitations have catalyzed a convergence across microfluidics, biofabrication, imaging, and ethical frameworks, giving rise to a multidisciplinary movement aimed at enhancing organoid viability, reproducibility, and physiological relevance. This perspective examines how these technologies are transforming brain organoids from developmental models into experimentally robust, functional platforms.  a2198-3844