00917nas a2200217 4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001200043653002300055653001200078100002300090700001900113700001800132700001300150245006600163856005500229300001200284490000600296520038300302022001400685 2026 d c2026-0310aTissue engineering10aTissues1 aEster Sapir Baruch1 aEric Silberman1 aAssaf Shapira1 aTal Dvir00aReassessing the scope and definition of 4D tissue bioprinting uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s44222-026-00402-0 a206-2070 v43 aFour-dimensional bioprinting of tissues goes beyond cellular constructs that evolve or mature over time. It should incorporate time as an active design parameter, enabling programmed and predictable transformations. This requires implementing shape-morphing behaviour, either within materials or cell–matrix composites, to control the construct’s transition in form or size. a2731-6092