01540nas a2200265   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001500043100002100058700001600079700001800095700001700113700001700130700002300147700002100170700002000191700001800211700002000229245011100249856004700360300001400407490000700421520083200428022001401260       2025                            d  c2025-08-011 aLowenna B. Jones1 aPaul Whaley1 aAngela Bearth1 aGunn E. Vist1 aTrine Husøy1 aSebastian Hoffmann1 aCamilla Svendsen1 aHeather M. Ames1 aGisle Solstad1 aGro H. Mathisen00aImproving how we use workshops when solving complex research problems: reflections from the CHANGE project  uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-025-04062-8  a3453-34610 v993 aOrganising workshops that successfully address complex research problems is a challenge, especially when the research involves interest-holders with diverse roles and expertise and potentially conflicting values and viewpoints. In this article, we describe and reflect on the approach we took to organising the CHANGE workshop, held in Oslo in June 2024. CHANGE is a complex 3-year project involving the collecting, analysing, and developing cross-sector consensus on a challenging topic. The approaches on which we reflect include fundamental aspects of interest-holder engagement, workshop design, methodological approach, and inclusive participation. Based on our reflections, we present a series of recommendations for consideration by anyone in the general research community using workshops as part of a research process.  a1432-0738