01528nas a2200265   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042653002200057653002500079653000900104653001100113653001900124653001100143653001300154653000900167653001700176100001800193700002300211245007100234856007200305300001200377490000600389520085300395022001401248       2021                            d  c2021-12-0110asexual dimorphism10aautoimmune disorders10adiet10aGender10agut microbiome10aHumans10aImmunity10aMice10asex hormones1 aJean S. McGee1 aCurtis Huttenhower00aOf mice and men and women: Sexual dimorphism of the gut microbiome  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352647521001295  a533-5380 v73 aThe gut microbiome plays a critical role in developing and educating our immune system. Therefore, its now well-established role in autoimmunity and immune disorders is in some ways not surprising. However, it is well-documented in the literature that there is a female predisposition to autoimmune disorders, while sexual dimorphisms in the human microbiome have been confined largely to areas outside of the gut. Herein, we will review the evidence of sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiome in both mice and humans, how this differs in animal models versus humans, and how such dimorphisms may be established and influenced by both host and environmental factors. We will conclude with a discussion on how these aspects of the gut microbiome may contribute to both the study and pathogenesis of gender-specific autoimmunity and immune disorders.  a2352-6475