01629nas a2200265   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001500043653001800058653001800076653001300094653002700107100001600134700001700150700001700167700001500184700001900199700001400218245008600232856004700318300000800365490000700373520096900380022001401349       2023                            d  c2023-10-2610aBreast cancer10aImmunotherapy10aorganoid10aTumor Microenvironment1 aDandan Guan1 aXiaozhen Liu1 aQingyang Shi1 aBangjie He1 aChaopeng Zheng1 aXuli Meng00aBreast cancer organoids and their applications for precision cancer immunotherapy  uhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-023-03231-2  a3430 v213 aImmunotherapy is garnering increasing attention as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer (BC); however, the application of precise immunotherapy in BC has not been fully studied. Further studies on BC immunotherapy have a growing demand for preclinical models that reliably recapitulate the composition and function of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of BC. However, the classic two-dimensional in vitro and animal in vivo models inadequately recapitulate the intricate TME of the original tumor. Organoid models which allow the regular culture of primitive human tumor tissue are increasingly reported that they can incorporate immune components. Therefore, organoid platforms can be used to replicate the BC–TME to achieve the immunotherapeutic reaction modeling and facilitate relevant preclinical trial. In this study, we have investigated different organoid culture methods for BC–TME modeling and their applications for precision immunotherapy in BC.  a1477-7819