01789nas a2200241   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042100001600057700001300073700001600086700001600102700001700118700001600135700001300151700001700164700001700181700001700198245011300215856005500328300000900383490000700392520114800399       2025                            d  c2025-04-141 aChengpan Li1 aJing Pan1 aZhengdi Shi1 aXinyan Zeng1 aXiaoping Xia1 aXiaogang He1 aWei Wang1 aBensheng Qiu1 aWeiping Ding1 aDabing Huang00aEngineered Endometrial Clear Cell Cancer-on-a-Chip Reveals Early Invasion-Metastasis Cascade of Cancer Cells  uhttps://spj.science.org/doi/full/10.34133/bmr.0177  a01770 v293 aEndometrial clear cell cancer (ECCC) is an extremely rare and highly malignant subtype of endometrial cancer. For most ECCC patients, cancer metastasis is the major cause of death. To date, due to the complexity of cancer evolution and the small number of cases, the metastasis of ECCC at the early stage remains largely unknown. Herein, we modeled the early invasion-metastasis cascade of ECCC by coculturing the ECCC patient-derived tumor cells (PDTCs) and primary human vascular endothelial cells on a microfluidic chip. With the chip, we for the first time replicated the dynamic migration of PDTCs into the surrounding stroma, including the intravasation and extravasation of PDTCs through the capillaries/microvessels, and presented the changes in the morphology and permeability of capillaries, with the decreased diameter and the increased permeability after cancer metastasis. We found that PDTCs were more invasive than the common endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. In addition, we preliminarily explored the inhibition of drugs on the early PDTC infiltration. This study provides new ideas for better understanding of ECCC evolution.