01313nas a2200217   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001200043653002500055653002400080653001700104100002500121700002300146700002300169245006700192856005500259300001400314490000600328520074700334022001401081       2022                            d  c2022-0810aApplied microbiology10aBacterial infection10aMicrobiology1 aOlivia T. Van Gerwen1 aChristina A. Muzny1 aJeanne M. Marrazzo00aSexually transmitted infections and female reproductive health  uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-022-01177-x  a1116-11260 v73 aWomen are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) throughout life. In addition to their high prevalence in women, STIs have debilitating effects on female reproductive health due to female urogenital anatomy, socio-cultural and economic factors. In this Review, we discuss the prevalence and impact of non-HIV bacterial, viral and parasitic STIs on the reproductive and sexual health of cisgender women worldwide. We analyse factors affecting STI prevalence among transgender women and women in low-income settings, and describe the specific challenges and barriers to improved sexual health faced by these population groups. We also synthesize the latest advances in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of STIs.  a2058-5276