01183nas a2200193   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042653001700057653001500074653002300089100001900112700002900131700001900160700002300179245008200202856007200284520061900356022001400975       2026                            d  c2026-05-1310abiomaterials10aImmunology10aTissue engineering1 aJoel P. Joseph1 aSriram Bharath Gugulothu1 aDipankar Nandi1 aKaushik Chatterjee00aNext-generation immune models: bioinks, 3D bioprinting, and future directions  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S01677799260015263 a3D bioprinting has evolved as a promising new approach to build physiologically relevant in vitro tissue microenvironments. Recent evidence demonstrates that microenvironmental cues regulate immune cell activation and function, making bioprinted immune niches valuable for basic and translational immunology research. This review outlines key considerations for 3D bioprinting immune niches, particularly bioinks and biofabrication strategies. Drawing from bioprinted tissue constructs, immune niches, and the anatomy of the immune system, we suggest directions to expand the bioprinting toolbox for immune niches.  a0167-7799