01793nas a2200253   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002653000800043653003100051653001500082653001200097100002400109700001800133700001800151700001800169700001600187700002500203700002100228245011300249856006300362490000800425520109200433022001401525                                       d10a3Rs10anew approach methodologies10aregulation10aWelfare1 aEwan St. John Smith1 aJames Bussell1 aMaggie Gentry1 aElliot Lilley1 aCathy Merry1 aJudy MacArthur Clark1 aWilliam Reynolds00aAnimal research in the UK: Regulation, implementation, welfare and development of new approach methodologies  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ame2.702230 vn/a3 aUse of animals in biomedical research is still considered essential by many in academia, industry and regulatory authorities. Therefore, it is important that legal, governance and welfare procedures are in place to ensure that only necessary procedures using animals are carried out and that this occurs within a framework with animal welfare at its core. Animal research in the United Kingdom is conducted under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and animal research in the United Kingdom has long been seen as a flag bearer for high quality–high welfare research. An example of the leading role taken in supporting animal welfare in research was establishment of the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) to support reducing the scale and impact of animal research. Here, we provide an overview of governance and licensing procedures of animal research in the United Kingdom, coupled with explanations of how excellent welfare underpins high quality research, and examine the development of new approach methodologies.  a2576-2095