01401nas a2200193   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001500043653002000058653002200078653002100100653002100121100002300142700002200165245011700187300002600304520086300330022001401193       2026                            d  c2026-03-2310acerebral cortex10acerebral organoid10adisease modeling10aneurodevelopment1 aMiguel F. Tenreiro1 aAlysson R. Muotri00aReconstructing human corticogenesis: Insights from cerebral organoids into neurodevelopment and disease modeling  aS1534-5807(26)00083-33 aUnderstanding the neurodevelopmental biology of the human brain remains a major challenge, primarily due to the lack of model systems that accurately reflect the evolutionary innovations underlying human-specific cell-type diversification, cortical expansion, and higher-order cognition. Cerebral organoids have emerged as powerful stem-cell-derived systems that offer unique opportunities to investigate these processes. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular features that define human telencephalic development, evaluate how faithfully organoid models mirror in vivo developmental programs, and explore their potential for modeling neurodevelopmental disorders and for therapeutic discovery. We also critically assess the current limitations of cerebral organoids and highlight emerging strategies to enhance their fidelity and translational utility.  a1878-1551