01595nas a2200289   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042653002100057653002600078653001300104653002500117653001100142653001300153653002300166653002600189653001700215653001400232653001100246100002200257700002100279245009500300856007200395300001100467490000700478520080600485022001401291       2020                            d  c2020-04-0110aAllogregnanolone10aAlzheimer’s disease10aEstrogen10aFetal microchimerism10aImmune10aMaternal10amultiple sclerosis10aPostpartum depression10aProgesterone10aProlactin10aStroke1 aNicholas P. Deems1 aBenedetta Leuner00aPregnancy, postpartum and parity: Resilience and vulnerability in brain health and disease  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091302220300017  a1008200 v573 aRisk and resilience in brain health and disease can be influenced by a variety of factors. While there is a growing appreciation to consider sex as one of these factors, far less attention has been paid to sex-specific variables that may differentially impact females such as pregnancy and reproductive history. In this review, we focus on nervous system disorders which show a female bias and for which there is data from basic research and clinical studies pointing to modification in disease risk and progression during pregnancy, postpartum and/or as a result of parity: multiple sclerosis (MS), depression, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In doing so, we join others (Shors, 2016; Galea et al., 2018a) in aiming to illustrate the importance of looking beyond sex in neuroscience research.  a0091-3022