01283nas a2200157   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042100002400057700001700081245013000098856004400228300001200272490000700284520082000291022001401111       2025                            d  c2025-01-011 aFlorencia Fiorentin1 aDiana Suarez00aGender gaps in the peer review process. Different sources in the evaluation process for the allocation of grants in Argentina  uhttps://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvaf048  arvaf0480 v343 aThis paper examines gender gaps in three dimensions of peer review for research grant allocation: relevance, feasibility, and academic background of researchers. The empirical analysis focuses on the Argentinean PICT grant program during 2019–21. Results reveal that female researchers receive lower scores than their male counterparts across all evaluated dimensions. The gender scoring gap is most pronounced among young researchers, particularly in the evaluation of academic background. The evidence suggests that S&T programs aimed at strengthening the scientific system may disproportionately benefit male researchers, particularly in the early stages of their careers. Consequently, horizontal S&T policies that lack a gender perspective risk reinforcing existing barriers to women’s advancement.  a0958-2029