01747nas a2200193   4500000000100000008004100001260001400042100002000056700002300076700002000099700001900119700002500138245009500163856005400258300001200312490000700324520120800331022001401539       2020                            d  c2020-3-011 aKaivalya A. Deo1 aKanwar Abhay Singh1 aCharles W. Peak1 aDaniel L. Alge1 aAkhilesh K. Gaharwar00aBioprinting 101: Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of Cell-Laden 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds  uhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7480731/  a318-3380 v263 a3D bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that recapitulates the native architecture of tissues. This is accomplished through the precise deposition of cell-containing bioinks. The spatiotemporal control over bioink deposition permits for improved communication between cells and the extracellular matrix, facilitates fabrication of anatomically and physiologically relevant structures. The physiochemical properties of bioinks, before and after crosslinking, are crucial for bioprinting complex tissue structures. Specifically, the rheological properties of bioinks determines printability, structural fidelity, and cell viability during the printing process, whereas postcrosslinking of bioinks are critical for their mechanical integrity, physiological stability, cell survival, and cell functions. In this review, we critically evaluate bioink design criteria, specifically for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting techniques, to fabricate complex constructs. The effects of various processing parameters on the biophysical and biochemical characteristics of bioinks are discussed. Furthermore, emerging trends and future directions in the area of bioinks and bioprinting are also highlighted.  a1937-3341