00762nas a2200157   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001300043100002900056700002300085700001900108245011500127856006400242300000900306520028900315       2020                            d  c2020-9-11 aEkaterina Galkina Cleary1 aMatthew J. Jackson1 aFred D. Ledley00aGovernment as the First Investor in Biopharmaceutical Innovation: Evidence From New Drug Approvals 2010–2019  uhttps://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3731819  a1-723 aThe discovery and development of new medicines classically involves a linear process of basic biomedical research to uncover potential targets for drug action, followed by applied, or translational, research to identify candidate products and establish their effectiveness and safety.