01111nas a2200133   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260005600043100003100099700003500130245005200165856005000217520071000267       2012                            d  c2012bNational Academies Press (US)aWashington, DC1 aU.S. Institute of Medicine1 aU.S. National Research Council00aEmerging Legal Trends Impacting Animal Research  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK100123/3 aUnlike humans, animals cannot provide or deny consent for experimentation; therefore, animal protection must come from self-imposed rules or external government guidelines and regulations, said session chair Arthur Sussman. Against this background there is growing concern about the quality of animal-use enforcement and increasing public demands that there be new ways to address the interests or rights of animals. Panelists discussed the impact of current legal trends on the use of animals in research, specifically, emerging animal rights laws and the use of Freedom of Information requests at the national level and open-record laws or sunshine laws at the state level to gain access to information.